Control and Coordination by Prashant Kirad is an educational resource focused on the principles of biology related to the nervous and hormonal systems. It covers essential topics such as neuron structure, reflex arcs, and plant hormones, making it ideal for Class X students preparing for their exams. Key concepts include the functions of neurotransmitters, the roles of various glands, and the mechanisms of plant movements. This resource provides comprehensive answers to common questions and includes diagrams for better understanding. It is a valuable tool for students aiming to excel in their biology curriculum.

Key Points

  • Explains the structure and function of neurons, including dendrites and axons.
  • Covers the roles of hormones like insulin and thyroxine in human physiology.
  • Details the mechanisms of reflex actions and the components of a reflex arc.
  • Discusses plant hormones and their effects on growth and development.
newtopiccyclegrowin
6 pages
Biology
newtopiccyclegrowin
6 pages
Biology
149
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“Next Year Questions”
Control and
Control and
Coordination
Coordination
PRASHANT KIRAD
Class X
Class X
Q1. A microscopic gap between a pair of adjacent neurons over which nerve
impulses pass is called
(a) neurotransmitter
(b) dendrites
(c) axon
(d) synapse
Q2. Which of the following acts as both endocrine and exocrine gland?
(a) Pancreas
(b) Thyroid
(c) Adrenal
(d) Liver
Q3.The secretion of which hormone leads to physical changes in the body when
you are 10-12 years of age?
(a) Oestrogen from testes and testosterone from ovary.
(b) Estrogen from adrenal gland and testosterone from pituitary gland.
(c) Testosterone from testes and estrogen from ovary.
(d) Testosterone from thyroid gland and estrogen from pituitary gland.
Q4. Which plant hormone promotes dormancy in seeds and buds?
(a) Auxin
(b) Gibberellin
(c) Cytokinin
(d) Abscisic acid
Q5. Which is the correct sequence of the components of a reflex arc?
(a) Receptors → Muscles → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Spinal cord
(b) Receptors → Motor neuron → Spinal cord → Sensory neuron → Muscle
(c) Receptors → Spinal cord → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Muscle
(d) Receptors → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Muscle
Q6.(a) Draw a neat diagram of a neuron and label (i) dendrite and (ii) axon.
(b) Which part of the human brain is:
(i) the main thinking part of the brain?
(ii) responsible for maintaining the posture and balance of the body?
Q7. State the two types of movements seen in plants. Give one example of each
type.
PRASHANT KIRAD
Control and Coordination
Q8. Name the fluid-filled between the meninges of the brain. What are its
functions?
Q9.A person suffered a head injury, due to which he faces breathing
problems. No problem was detected with his respiratory system. What could
be the cause of this problem?
Q10. Reflex arcs continue to be more efficient for quick responses”. Justify
this statement giving reason
Q11. What are plant hormones? Name the plant hormones responsible for the
following :
(i) Growth of stem
(ii) Promotion of cell division
(iii) Inhibition of growth
(iv) Elongation of cells
Q12.A cheetah, on seeing a prey moves towards him at a very high speed.
What causes the movement of his muscles? How does the chemistry of
cellular components of muscles change during this event
Name of the
hormone
Gland which secretes
the hormone
Functions of the hormone
(i) Thyroxine
Thyroid
_____________
(ii) Growth Hormone
_____________
Regulates growth and
development of the body
(iii) Insulin
Pancreas
_____________
10th Phodenge!
PRASHANT KIRAD
Q13.Complete the following table:
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End of Document
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FAQs

What is the function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another. They play a crucial role in communication within the nervous system, influencing various functions such as mood, sleep, and muscle movement. Different types of neurotransmitters have specific functions; for example, dopamine is involved in reward and pleasure, while serotonin affects mood and anxiety. Understanding neurotransmitter function is essential for grasping how the nervous system operates.

How do reflex arcs facilitate quick responses in the body?
Reflex arcs are neural pathways that enable quick responses to stimuli without the involvement of the brain. They consist of a receptor, sensory neuron, spinal cord, motor neuron, and effector. When a stimulus is detected, the sensory neuron transmits the signal to the spinal cord, which immediately sends a response through the motor neuron to the effector, typically a muscle. This process allows for rapid reactions, such as pulling away from a hot surface, minimizing potential harm.

What are the main types of plant movements discussed in the resource?
The resource discusses two main types of plant movements: nastic movements and tropic movements. Nastic movements are non-directional and occur in response to stimuli, such as the closing of leaves in the 'touch me not' plant when touched. Tropic movements, on the other hand, are directional and occur due to growth in response to environmental stimuli, such as phototropism, where plants grow towards light. Understanding these movements is crucial for studying plant behavior and adaptation.

What role do hormones play in human growth and development?
Hormones such as growth hormone and thyroid hormones are vital for regulating growth and development in humans. Growth hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, stimulates growth in bones and tissues, while thyroid hormones regulate metabolism and energy levels. These hormones work in concert to ensure proper physical development during childhood and adolescence. Disruptions in hormone levels can lead to growth disorders or metabolic issues, highlighting their importance in human health.

How does auxin influence plant growth?
Auxin is a plant hormone that plays a critical role in regulating growth and development. It promotes cell elongation, particularly on the side of the plant that is away from light, causing the plant to bend towards the light source. This process, known as phototropism, allows plants to optimize their exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis. Auxin also influences other growth processes, such as root development and fruit growth, making it essential for plant health.