AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet provides essential formulas and constants for students preparing for the AP Physics 2 exam. This resource includes key equations related to electricity, magnetism, thermodynamics, waves, and modern physics. Designed for AP Physics 2 students, it serves as a quick reference to help with problem-solving and exam readiness. The sheet also features unit symbols, prefixes, and values of trigonometric functions, making it a comprehensive tool for mastering physics concepts. Ideal for review sessions and last-minute studying before the exam.

Key Points

  • Includes essential equations for electricity and magnetism relevant to AP Physics 2.
  • Provides values of constants like Avogadro's number and the universal gas constant.
  • Features unit symbols and prefixes for quick reference during problem-solving.
  • Covers key concepts in thermodynamics, waves, and modern physics for comprehensive exam preparation.
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AP® Physics 2
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AP® Physics 2
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___________________________________________________
AP
®
Physics 2
2026 EXAM REFERENCE INFORMATION
Name:
NOTE: You may use any blank space in this booklet for scratch work during the exam. Proctors should collect this
reference information at the conclusion of the exam.
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS 2 TABLE OF INFORMATION
© 2025 College Board
AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Avogadro’s number,
Universal gas constant,
Boltzmann’s constant,
1 atmosphere of pressure,
Coulomb constant,
Proton mass,
Neutron mass,
Electron mass,
Elementary charge,
Vacuum permittivity,
Vacuum permeability,
1 electron volt,
Planck’s constant,
Speed of light,
Wien’s constant,
Stefan-Boltzmann constant,
1 unified atomic mass unit,
Universal gravitational constant,
Magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface, =g 9.8 m s
2
Magnitude of the gravitational field strength at Earth’s surface, =g 9.8 N kg
UNIT SYMBOLS
ampere, A
coulomb, C
degree Celsius,
°C
electron volt, eV
farad, F
hertz, Hz
joule, J
kelvin, K
kilogram, kg
meter, m
mole, mol
newton, N
ohm, Ω
pascal, Pa
second, s
tesla, T
volt, V
watt, W
PREFIXES
Factor Prefix Symbol
10
12
tera T
10
9
giga G
10
6
mega
M
10
3
kilo
k
10
−2
centi
c
10
−3
milli
m
10
−6
micro
μ
10
−9
nano n
10
−12
pico p
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR
COMMON ANGLES
0° 30° 37° 45° 53° 60° 90°
0
12 35 22 4 5 32
1
1
32 4 5 22 35 12
0
0
33 34
1
4 3
3
The following conventions are used in this exam:
• The frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial unless
otherwise stated.
• Air resistance is assumed to be negligible unless otherwise stated.
• Springs and strings are assumed to be ideal unless otherwise stated.
• The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from an isolated point
charge.
• The direction of current is the direction in which positive charges would drift.
• All batteries, wires, and meters are assumed to be ideal unless otherwise stated.
1
q
t
ELECTRICITY
© 2025 College Board
 AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based
A = area
C = capacitance
d = distance
E = electric field
F = force
I = current
ℓ = length
P = power
q = charge
Q = charge
r = distance, radius, or
position
R = resistance
t = time
U = potential energy
V = electric potential
k = dielectric constant
= resistivity
t = time constant
MAGNETISM
A = area
B = magnetic field
F = force
I = current
ℓ = length
q = charge
r
= distance, radius, or position
t = time
v = velocity or speed
e = emf
= angle
F = flux
THERMAL PHYSICS
A = area
c = specific heat
F = force
k = thermal conductivity
K = kinetic energy
L = length
m = mass
n = number of moles
N = number of atoms
P = pressure
Q = energy transferred to
a system by heating
= time
T = temperature
U = internal energy
v = velocity or speed
V = volume
W = work done on a
system
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FAQs

What key equations are included in the AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet?
The AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet includes critical equations for various topics such as electricity, magnetism, thermodynamics, and waves. For electricity, it covers Ohm's law, capacitance formulas, and electric field equations. In magnetism, it details the Lorentz force and magnetic field equations. Thermodynamic equations include those for heat transfer and the ideal gas law. This comprehensive collection aids students in quickly accessing necessary formulas during their studies and exam preparation.

How does the AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet assist students?
The AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet serves as a vital study tool for students preparing for the AP Physics 2 exam. It consolidates essential formulas and constants into a single reference, allowing for efficient review and practice. Students can quickly locate key equations related to various physics topics, which enhances their problem-solving skills. Additionally, the sheet includes unit symbols and prefixes, making it easier for students to understand and apply concepts in different contexts.

What constants are featured in the AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet?
The AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet features several important physical constants that are crucial for calculations in physics. These include Avogadro's number, the universal gas constant, and the speed of light. Additionally, it lists the masses of subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons, along with the elementary charge. These constants are fundamental for various calculations and help students understand the relationships between different physical quantities.

What topics are covered in the AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet?
The AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet covers a wide range of topics essential for the AP Physics 2 curriculum. Key areas include electricity, where students learn about circuits and electric fields; magnetism, which includes magnetic forces and fields; and thermodynamics, focusing on heat transfer and laws of thermodynamics. Waves and optics are also addressed, providing equations related to wave properties and behavior. This comprehensive coverage ensures that students are well-prepared for the exam.

How can students use the AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet effectively?
Students can use the AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet effectively by integrating it into their study routine. It can serve as a quick reference during practice problems, allowing students to recall formulas and constants easily. Additionally, students can use the sheet to identify areas where they need further review, focusing on topics that are less familiar. By familiarizing themselves with the layout and content of the sheet, students can enhance their confidence and readiness for the AP Physics 2 exam.

What unit symbols are included in the AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet?
The AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet includes a variety of unit symbols that are essential for understanding and solving physics problems. Common unit symbols such as ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), and newton (N) are featured, along with their corresponding definitions. This section helps students quickly identify the units associated with different physical quantities, facilitating accurate calculations and conversions during their studies and exams.

What are the values of trigonometric functions included in the AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet?
The AP Physics 2 Equations Sheet provides values of trigonometric functions for common angles, which are crucial for solving problems involving angles in physics. For example, it includes the sine, cosine, and tangent values for angles such as 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. These values are helpful for students when analyzing wave functions, forces, and other phenomena that involve angular relationships. Having these values readily available streamlines the problem-solving process.