AP Chemistry Equations and Constants Reference Sheet provides essential formulas and constants for students preparing for the AP Chemistry exam. It includes key equations related to thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium, making it a valuable resource for exam preparation. The sheet features the periodic table of elements, unit conversions, and metric prefixes, which are crucial for solving chemistry problems. This reference is ideal for high school students studying AP Chemistry and looking to reinforce their understanding of core concepts and calculations.

Key Points

  • Includes essential AP Chemistry equations for thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium.
  • Features a comprehensive periodic table of elements with atomic weights.
  • Provides unit conversions and metric prefixes for accurate calculations.
  • Covers gas laws and relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature.
  • Offers formulas for calculating molarity, density, and kinetic energy.
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NOTE: You may use any blank space in this booklet for scratch work during the exam. Proctors should collect this
reference information at the conclusion of the exam.
Name: ___________________________________________________
AP
®
Chemistry
2026 EXAM REFERENCE INFORMATION
 
1 18
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
1 2
H
He
1.008
2 13 14 15 16 17
4.00
3
Li
6.94
11
Na
22.99
4
Be
9.01
12
Mg
24.30
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
5
B
10.81
13
Al
26.98
6
C
12.01
14
Si
28.09
7
N
14.01
15
P
30.97
8
O
16.00
16
S
32.06
9
F
19.00
17
Cl
35.45
10
Ne
20.18
18
Ar
39.95
19
K
39.10
20
Ca
40.08
21
Sc
44.96
22
Ti
47.87
23
V
50.94
24
Cr
52.00
25
Mn
54.94
26
Fe
55.85
27
Co
58.93
28
Ni
58.69
29
Cu
63.55
30
Zn
65.38
31
Ga
69.72
32
Ge
72.63
33
As
74.92
34
Se
78.97
35
Br
79.90
36
Kr
83.80
37
Rb
85.47
38
Sr
87.62
39
Y
88.91
40
Zr
91.22
41
Nb
92.91
42
Mo
95.95
43
Tc
44
Ru
101.07
45
Rh
102.91
46
Pd
106.42
47
Ag
107.87
48
Cd
112.41
49
In
114.82
50
Sn
118.71
51
Sb
121.76
52
Te
127.60
53
I
126.90
54
Xe
131.29
55
Cs
132.91
56
Ba
137.33
57-71
72
Hf
178.49
73
Ta
180.95
74
W
183.84
75
Re
186.21
76
Os
190.23
77
Ir
192.22
78
Pt
195.08
79
Au
196.97
80
Hg
200.59
81
Tl
204.38
82
Pb
207.2
83
Bi
208.98
84
Po
85
At
86
Rn
87
Fr
88
Ra
89-103
104
Rf
105
Db
106
Sg
107
Bh
108
Hs
109
Mt
110
Ds
111
Rg
112
Cn
113
Nh
114
Fl
115
Mc
116
Lv
117
Ts
118
Og
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
*Lanthanoids
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
138.91
89
†Actinoids
Ac
140.12 140.91 144.24 150.36 151.97 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97
90
Th
232.04
91
Pa
231.04
92
U
238.03
93
Np
94
Pu
95
Am
96
Cm
97
Bk
98
Cf
99
Es
100
Fm
101
Md
102
No
103
Lr
*
†
AP Chemistry
|
1
© 2025 College Board
AP
®
CHEMISTRY EQUATIONS AND CONSTANTS
UNIT SYMBOLS
gram, g
mole, mol
liter, L
meter, m
second, s
hertz, Hz
atmosphere, atm
millimeter of mercury, mm Hg
degree Celsius, °C
kelvin, K
joule, J
volt, V
coulomb, C
ampere, A
UNIT CONVERSIONS
1 hertz = 1 s
−1
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
K= °+C 273.15
1 joule
1 volt =
1 coulomb
1 ampere =
1 coulomb
1 second
METRIC PREFIXES
Factor Prefix Symbol
10
9
giga G
10
6
mega M
10
3
kilo k
10
−2
centi c
10
−3
milli m
10
−6
micro μ
10
−9
nano n
10
−12
pico p
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
E = h
c =
12
F
coulombic
qq
2
r
GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLUTIONS
PV
11
=
PV
22
T
1
T
2
PV
=
nRT
P
A
= P
total
×
X
A
, where X
A
=
moles A
total moles
P
total
=
P
A
+
P
B
+
P
C
+ ...
n
=
m
M
D
=
m
V
KE
=
1
2
mv
2
M
=
n
solute
L
solution
A = bc
E = energy
= frequency
= wavelength
F
= force
q
= charge
r
= separation
Planck's constant,
h
= 6.626 × 10
−34
J s
8 −1
Speed of light,
c
= 2.998 × 10 m s
Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10
23
mol
−1
P = pressure
V = volume
T = temperature
n = numberofmoles
X = mole fraction
m = mass
M
= molarmass
D
= density
KE
= kinetic energy
v
= velocity
M
= molarity
A
= absorbance
= molarabsorptivity
b
= path length
c
= concentration
1 −
Gasconstant,
R
= 8.314 Jmol
−
K
1
= 0.08206L atmmol
−1
K
−1
STP = 273.15 Kand 1.0 atm
Ideal gasatSTP = 22.4 Lmol
−1
AP Chemistry
© 2025 College Board
2
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End of Document
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FAQs

What key equations are included in the AP Chemistry reference sheet?
The AP Chemistry Equations and Constants Reference Sheet includes essential equations for various topics such as thermodynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium. For instance, it features the ideal gas law, PV=nRT, and equations for calculating reaction rates and equilibrium constants. Additionally, it provides formulas related to energy, including kinetic energy and potential energy equations. These equations are crucial for students to understand and apply during their AP Chemistry exam.

How does the reference sheet assist in preparing for the AP Chemistry exam?
The reference sheet serves as a quick guide for students to access important formulas and constants needed for the AP Chemistry exam. By having key equations and the periodic table readily available, students can save time during the exam and focus on solving problems efficiently. It helps reinforce their understanding of fundamental concepts, making it easier to tackle complex questions. Overall, this resource is designed to enhance students' confidence and performance on the exam.

What topics are covered in the AP Chemistry Equations and Constants Reference Sheet?
The reference sheet covers a wide range of topics essential for AP Chemistry, including thermodynamics, kinetics, gas laws, and equilibrium. It provides detailed equations for calculating enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, as well as formulas for reaction rates and equilibrium constants. Additionally, the sheet includes unit conversions and metric prefixes, which are vital for performing accurate calculations in chemistry. This comprehensive coverage ensures that students have the necessary tools for success in their studies.

What is the significance of the periodic table included in the reference sheet?
The periodic table included in the AP Chemistry Equations and Constants Reference Sheet is significant as it provides essential information about each element, such as atomic number, atomic mass, and elemental symbols. This information is crucial for understanding chemical reactions, stoichiometry, and molecular structure. Students can use the periodic table to predict element behavior, identify trends, and calculate molar masses, which are fundamental skills in chemistry. Having this table readily available enhances students' ability to solve problems effectively.

How are unit conversions presented in the reference sheet?
Unit conversions in the AP Chemistry Equations and Constants Reference Sheet are presented clearly, allowing students to easily convert between different units of measurement. The sheet includes common conversions such as atmospheric pressure to millimeters of mercury and temperature conversions between Celsius and Kelvin. This information is essential for ensuring accuracy in calculations and understanding the relationships between different physical quantities. Mastery of unit conversions is a critical skill for success in AP Chemistry.