Vaccination OSPE Answers provides detailed information on various vaccines, including BCG, OPV, DPT, Hepatitis B, and Measles. This guide outlines vaccination schedules, routes of administration, and the diseases each vaccine prevents. It serves as a valuable resource for medical students and healthcare professionals preparing for examinations or clinical practice. Key topics include dosage, efficacy, and adverse effects associated with each vaccine. Ideal for those studying immunology or pediatric healthcare.

Key Points

  • Details vaccination schedules for BCG, OPV, DPT, and Hepatitis B
  • Explains routes of administration and efficacy for each vaccine
  • Covers adverse effects and storage requirements for vaccines
  • Includes information on Vitamin A supplementation and its significance
Sasi Tharoor
2 pages
Language:English
Type:Notes
Medicine & Health
Sasi Tharoor
2 pages
Language:English
Type:Notes
Medicine & Health
176
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SECTION IV: VACCINATION - OSPE ANSWERS
1. BCG Vaccine
1) Schedule: At birth (or as early as possible till 1 year).
2) Efficacy: 60–80%.
3) Diluent: Normal saline.
4) Route of administration: Intradermal (left upper arm).
5) Disease prevented: Tuberculosis (especially severe forms in children).
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2. OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
1) Schedule: Birth dose ("zero dose") within 15 days of birth + 6, 10, 14 weeks + boosters at 16–24
months.
2) Dosage: 2 drops orally.
3) Pulse in Pulse Polio: Mass administration of OPV to all children <5 years on designated days to
interrupt wild polio virus transmission.
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3. DPT Vaccine
1) Dosage: 0.5 ml.
2) Schedule & Route: 6, 10, 14 weeks (primary) + 16–24 months + 5 years (boosters);
Intramuscular (anterolateral thigh in infants, deltoid in older children).
3) Adverse effects: Pain, swelling, fever, irritability, febrile seizures, rarely
hypotensive-hyporesponsive episode or encephalopathy.
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4. Hepatitis B Vaccine
1) Type: Recombinant subunit vaccine.
2) Dose: 0.5 ml.
3) Route: Intramuscular (anterolateral thigh in infants, deltoid in adults).
4) World Hepatitis Day: 28th July.
5) Schedule: Birth dose (within 24 hours) + 6, 10, 14 weeks.
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5. Measles Vaccine
1) Dosage: 0.5 ml.
2) Route: Subcutaneous (right upper arm).
3) Schedule: First dose at 9 months, second dose at 16–24 months.
4) Not given earlier: Due to persistence of maternal antibodies that neutralize the vaccine virus
before 9 months.
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6. Vitamin A Supplementation
1) Dosage: 1 lakh IU at 9 months, then 2 lakh IU every 6 months up to 5 years (total 9 doses).
2) Route: Oral (oily syrup with dropper/spoon).
3) Storage: Cool, dark place at +2 to +8 °C.
4) Signs of deficiency: Night blindness, Bitot’s spots, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, growth
retardation, increased infections.
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7. Pentavalent Vaccine (DPT + Hep B + Hib)
1) Dosage: 0.5 ml.
2) Schedule: 6, 10, 14 weeks.
3) Route: Intramuscular (anterolateral thigh).
4) Storage temperature: +2 to +8 °C.
5) Advantage: Reduces number of injections, improves compliance, combines 5 vaccines in one.
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8. Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Vaccine
1) Dosage: 0.5 ml.
2) Route: Subcutaneous.
3) Schedule: 9–12 months and 16–24 months.
4) Site: Upper arm (SC).
5) Amplifying host: Pigs (main), also water birds.
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FAQs

What is the vaccination schedule for the BCG vaccine?
The BCG vaccine should be administered at birth or as early as possible until the age of 1 year. Its efficacy ranges from 60% to 80%, and it is given intradermally in the left upper arm to prevent tuberculosis, particularly severe forms in children.
How is the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) administered?
The Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is administered as a birth dose, known as the 'zero dose', within the first 15 days of birth. Following this, it is given at 6, 10, and 14 weeks, with boosters recommended between 16 to 24 months. The dosage consists of 2 drops given orally.
What are the adverse effects of the DPT vaccine?
The DPT vaccine can cause several adverse effects, including pain and swelling at the injection site, fever, irritability, and in rare cases, febrile seizures or hypotensive-hyporesponsive episodes. Encephalopathy is also a rare but serious side effect.
When should the measles vaccine be administered?
The measles vaccine is given in two doses: the first dose at 9 months of age and the second dose between 16 to 24 months. It is administered subcutaneously in the right upper arm and is not given earlier due to the presence of maternal antibodies that can neutralize the vaccine virus.
What is the dosage and schedule for Vitamin A supplementation?
Vitamin A supplementation involves administering 1 lakh IU at 9 months of age, followed by 2 lakh IU every 6 months until the child is 5 years old, totaling 9 doses. The supplementation is given orally, typically in an oily syrup form using a dropper or spoon.
What is the advantage of the Pentavalent vaccine?
The Pentavalent vaccine combines DPT, Hepatitis B, and Hib vaccines into one shot, which reduces the number of injections required. This combination improves compliance among parents and caregivers, making it easier to ensure that children receive all necessary vaccinations.
What is the schedule for the Japanese Encephalitis vaccine?
The Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine is administered in two doses: the first dose is given between 9 to 12 months of age, and the second dose is given between 16 to 24 months. It is administered subcutaneously in the upper arm.

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