UG Physics Syllabus {Page 20 of 48}
Programme/Class: Diploma
Year: Second
Semester: Third
Subject: Physics
Course Code: B010301T
Course Title: Electromagnetic Theory & Modern Optics
Course Outcomes (COs)
1. Better understanding of electrical and magnetic phenomenon in daily life.
2. To troubleshoot simple problems related to electrical devices.
3. Comprehend the powerful applications of ballistic galvanometer.
4. Study the fundamental physics behind reflection and refraction of light (electromagnetic waves).
5. Study the working and applications of Michelson and Fabry-Perot interferometers.
6. Recognize the difference between Fresnel’s and Fraunhofer’s class of diffraction.
7. Comprehend the use of polarimeters.
8. Study the characteristics and uses of lasers.
Credits: 4
Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: 25+75
Min. Passing Marks:
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 4-0-0
Unit
Topics
No. of
Lectures
PART A
Electromagnetic Theory
I
Electrostatics
Electric charge & charge densities, electric force between two charges. General expression for
Electric field in terms of volume charge density (divergence & curl of Electric field), general
expression for Electric potential in terms of volume charge density and Gauss law (applications
included). Study of electric dipole. Electric fields in matter, polarization, auxiliary field D (Electric
displacement), electric susceptibility and permittivity.
8
II
Magnetostatics
Electric current & current densities, magnetic force between two current elements. General
expression for Magnetic field in terms of volume current density (divergence and curl of Magnetic
field), General expression for Magnetic potential in terms of volume current density and Ampere’s
circuital law (applications included). Study of magnetic dipole (Gilbert & Ampere model).
Magnetic fields in matter, magnetisation, auxiliary field H, magnetic susceptibility and
permeability.
8
III
Time Varying Electromagnetic Fields
Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction and Lenz's law. Displacement current, equation of
continuity and Maxwell-Ampere’s circuital law. Self and mutual induction (applications included).
Derivation and physical significance of Maxwell’s equations. Theory and working of moving coil
ballistic galvanometer (applications included).
7
IV
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic energy density and Poynting vector. Plane electromagnetic waves in linear infinite
dielectrics, homogeneous & inhomogeneous plane waves and dispersive & non-dispersive media.
Reflection and refraction of homogeneous plane electromagnetic waves, law of reflection, Snell’s
law, Fresnel’s formulae (only for normal incidence & optical frequencies) and Stoke’s law.
7
UG Physics Syllabus {Page 21 of 48}
PART B
Physical Optics & Lasers
V
Interference
Conditions for interference and spatial & temporal coherence. Division of Wavefront - Fresnel’s
Biprism and Lloyd’s Mirror. Division of Amplitude - Parallel thin film, wedge shaped film and
Newton’s Ring experiment. Interferometer - Michelson and Fabry-Perot.
8
VI
Diffraction
Distinction between interference and diffraction. Fresnel’s and Fraunhofer’s class of diffraction.
Fresnel’s Half Period Zones and Zone plate. Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit, n slits and
Diffracting Grating. Resolving Power of Optical Instruments - Rayleigh’s criterion and resolving
power of telescope, microscope & grating.
8
VII
Polarisation
Polarisation by dichronic crystals, birefringence, Nicol prism, retardation plates and Babinet’s
compensator. Analysis of polarized light. Optical Rotation - Fresnel’s explanation of optical
rotation and Half Shade & Biquartz polarimeters.
7
VIII
Lasers
Characteristics and uses of Lasers. Quantitative analysis of Spatial and Temporal coherence.
Conditions for Laser action and Einstein’s coefficients. Three and four level laser systems
(qualitative discussion).
7
Suggested Readings
PART A
1. D.J. Griffiths, “Introduction to Electrodynamics”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 2002, 3e
2. E.M. Purcell, “Electricity and Magnetism (In SI Units): Berkeley Physics Course Vol 2”, McGraw Hill, 2017,
2e
3. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands, “The Feynman Lectures on Physics - Vol. 2”,
Pearson Education Limited, 2012
4. D.C. Tayal, “Electricity and Magnetism”, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2019, 4e
PART B
1. Francis A. Jenkins, Harvey E. White, “Fundamentals of Optics”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 4e
2. Samuel Tolansky, “An Introduction to Interferometry”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1973, 2e
3. A. Ghatak, “Optics”, McGraw Hill, 2017, 6e
Books published in Hindi & Other Reference / Text Books may be
suggested / added to this list by individual Universities.
Suggestive Digital Platforms / Web Links
1. MIT Open Learning - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://openlearning.mit.edu/
2. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL), https://www.youtube.com/user/nptelhrd
3. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library, http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/SearchContent.aspx
4. Swayam Prabha - DTH Channel, https://www.swayamprabha.gov.in/index.php/program/current_he/8
Course Prerequisites
Passed Semester I, Theory Paper-1 (B010101T)
This course can be opted as an Elective by the students of following subjects
Open to all
UG Physics Syllabus {Page 23 of 48}
Programme/Class: Diploma
Year: Second
Semester: Third
Subject: Physics
Course Code: B010302P
Course Title: Demonstrative Aspects of Electricity & Magnetism
Course Outcomes (COs)
Experimental physics has the most striking impact on the industry wherever the instruments are used to study and
determine the electric and magnetic properties. Measurement precision and perfection is achieved through Lab
Experiments. Online Virtual Lab Experiments give an insight in simulation techniques and provide a basis for modeling.
Credits: 2
Core Compulsory / Elective
Max. Marks: 25+75
Min. Passing Marks:
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4
Unit
Topics
No. of
Lectures
Lab Experiment List
60
1. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of single coil
2. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of Helmholtz coil
3. Ballistic Galvanometer: Ballistic constant, current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity
4. Ballistic Galvanometer: High resistance by Leakage method
5. Ballistic Galvanometer: Low resistance by Kelvin’s double bridge method
6. Ballistic Galvanometer: Self inductance of a coil by Rayleigh’s method
7. Ballistic Galvanometer: Comparison of capacitances
8. Carey Foster Bridge: Resistance per unit length and low resistance
9. Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer: Magnetic moment of a magnet and horizontal
component of earth’s magnetic field
10. Earth Inductor: Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field
Online Virtual Lab Experiment List / Link
Virtual Labs at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=192
1. Tangent galvanometer
2. Magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current
3. Deflection magnetometer
4. Van de Graaff generator
5. Barkhausen effect
6. Temperature coefficient of resistance
7. Anderson's bridge
8. Quincke's method
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